Ratchet-drill



(No Model.) 3 She'ets-Sheet 1l. A. L. STANFORD.

RATGHE'T DRILL N0. 371,858. t PdOot.18, 1887- IWW?,

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. 3 Sheets-Sheet i2. A. L. STANFORD.

RATCHET DRILL.

PatentedfOot (N0 Model.) 3 Sheets-'- eeeeeee 3.

` 110.V 871,858. Patented 001. 18, 1887.

"ir-Ael-A PATENT Trier'.

ARTHUR L. STANFORD, or WAUKEGAN, rtmnois.

RATCH E''-n DRI LL..

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 371,858, dated @ct-ober 13, 1887.

Application filed May 5, i887. Serial No. 237,274. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR L. STANFORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at /Vaukegan, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hand Metal-Drills, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is `to improve the construction of hand-drills for boring metal; and the invention, which is an improvement on the one described in my patent of March 1, 1887, No. 358,755, consists in the features and combinations hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side`elevation of my improved hand metal-l drill; Fig. 2, a central section of the same; Fig. 3, a detail horizontal section taken in line c :v of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a horizontal section taken in line y y of Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a horizontal section taken in line .c z of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a

detail section taken in line :c x of Fig. 5; Fig.

7, a perspective view of the drill and one of its supports; Fig. 8, a central section illustrating a modification of the automatic feed; Fig. 9, a horizontal section taken in line w :v of Fig. 8, and showing the engagement of the gears in dotted lines; and Fig. 10, a detail section showing a spherical bearing for contact of the drill or pivot piece with the frame. Fig. 11 illustrates aform of frame especially adapted to the drilling of rails, the hand-drill being shown in position for use.

A is the frame; a, jaws thereof; c', lugs on the stationary jaw, and a2 a3 points at which the movable jaw presses against the part of the frame on which it` slides; B, the pivotpiece coming in contact with the frame opposite the metal to be drilled, and b the cover for the inner end thereof; C, the feed-screw; D, .the lever for turning the feed-screw; E, the ratchet-wheel engaging with the lever D vfor operating the hand-feed or for reversing the feed-screw, and which is also provided with a clutch to hold the pinion F rigid with the feed-screw F, a pinion which is loose on the feed-screw except when the automatic feed 1 is used; G, a double pinionV to control the movements of the feed-screw and to aid in securlng proper relative motion between it and the feedcylinder; N, the inside feed-cylinder, and IL a pinion on the end thereof; I, the outside feed-cylinder; J, the drill-bit carrier; K, a piece encircling a portion of the drill-bit carrier, and which also aids in forming the clutch, and 7c a project-ing portion thereof; L, friction-rollers; M, springs for keeping such rollers in their proper place, and n the dril1 bit.

The frame A isshown in two forms, one being particularly adapted for use in the drilling of railroad-rails and one for use in other or ordinary work. This first form of frame being shown in my other patent above referred to, I do not herein claim any novelty in its construction; but the stationary jaw in the second form is provided with lugs against which the metal being drilled rests and is pressed and by which it is held out a sufticient distance to allow the drill-bit to pass entirely through it, and the movable or sliding jaw is adapted to lit the side of the frame to which it is attached in such a way as to clamp or bind against the same, as may be desired. This clamping or binding is effected in part by means of the pressure of the drill on its projecting portion and in part by the setscrew at the opposite side thereof. The pressnre of the drill causes it to bind at the points a2 and a3, and the turning or tightening of the set-screw aids in securing this clamping or binding. This is due, at least in part, to the peculiar construction of the sliding jaw, the back portion of which is extended beyond the point a a sufficient distance to give the desiredleverage and the set-screw placed near the end of this extended portion.

The pivot piece at the side of the frame opposite the metal to be drilled differs from the ICO or metal on which this spherical bearing is 4 formed is the bearing for the end of the feedscrew. The box or housing of the pivot-piece furnishes protection to the working parts against sand, dirt, te., and also bearings for the double pinion placed therein; and in addition to the bearing for one end of the double pinion its inner end or cover furnishes abcaring for the inner cylinder.

The ratchet-wheel E, which is stationary in the hand-feed, is movable longitudinally when desired to be used in the automatic feed, and it is providcd'with a clutch at its inner side, which permits it to engage with the loose pinion F of the automatic feed devices. These automatic feed devices are so constructed as to give an unequal number ofrevolutions to the outer feed-cylinder and feed-screw, as follows: rIhe pinion Fis made rigid with the feed-screw by having the clutch of the ratchet-wheel engage therewith, as already described. The pinion It, which is integral with the inside cylinder, can have no rotary movement relative to the feed-cylinder. These two pinions prefu erably have an unequal number of cogs, which are adapted to engage with the double pinion G, which then, preferably, has an equal number o-t' cogs in both its parts. This constructioncan be reversed, so as to have an unequal number of cogs in the double pinion and an equal number in the other two pinions; or all the pinions may be provided with an unequal number of cogs, but of course in such a way as not to interfere with their movements or operations, the only object in this respectbeing to givean unequal number of revolutions to the outer feed-cylinder and feed screw.

In the modification shown in Fig. 8 an internal gear-wheel is substituted for the double pinion G, this gear-wheel having` its central portion plain to bear on the eccentric-disk through which the feed-screw passes and its adjacent side portions provided with cogs to mesh into the pinions F and 7L, the hole for the feed-screw in this eccentric-disk being at a suitable distance from its centerI to cause the internal gear-wheel to thus engage with these pinions. The object of this construction is, as in the other case, to give an unequal number of revolutions to the feed-screw and feedcylinder, and it is of course obvious that the construction, arrangement, or operation may be similarly changed or modified.

As already stated, the inside cylinder terminates in a'pinion, and it extends within the feed-cylinder to the head of the feed-screw. It is also provided with a longitudinal slot, into which a screw, stud, or other suitable device is inserted to cause it to revolve with the feed-cylinder.

The outer cylinder is made large enough to receive the inner cylinder, and is screwed onto the drill-bit carrier and made rigid by a key passing through it and such carrier. I prefer to use a split key for this purpose, inasmuch as it may be readily inserted or removed. The

diameter of the drill-bit carrier is sufficient to receive the drill-bit and permit the latter to be shoved into it to the point of its seat.

Encircling a portion of the drill-bit carrier is a peculiarly-formed piece, preferably of oblong shape, the inner surfaces of which are adapted to come in contact with rollers, and also to form recesses for springs. The con- A struction ofthis entire piece is such that its inner surfaces cannot be finished by forging,

and therefore it is desirable to make them in 4such way as will require just as little handwork as possible. I do this by making its opening large enough to receive the drill-carrier, and thus avoid the necessity of any finishing work except at the place where the rollers and springs are to be located. where the rollers and springs are to be located I finish by cutting away the draft or taper, so as to make the inside surfaces against which the rollers and springs rest at right angles to the side or face of the entire piece. (See Fig. 6.) The bearing for the rollers and springs should of course be in position and otherwise sufficient to permit their operation as hereinafter described.

The rollers, which are equal in length to the thickness of the encircling piece K, .are intended to be used in pairs, so as to bind the drill-carrier at opposite points. When in proper position, or in what I consider to be the best position for this purpose, aline drawn `through the diametrical center of the rollers will also pass through the diametrical center of the drill-carrier. Theserollers, being thus placed at opposite sides of the drill-carrier, of course prevent any unequalv rubbing or binding. surfaces of the encircling piece are placed two small i'lat or leaf springs, the curvature of which is so slight as to permit their being straightened out by pressure or otherwise without breaking or losing their resiliency.

" This enables them to stand the pressure of the l rollers, and thus obviates the necessity of frequently replacing the springs.

The recesses in which these springs are placed are so close to the rollers as to prevent their falling out or becoming displaced; or, in other words, these I recesses are such distance from the lines on the curved surfaces of the encircling part where the rollersbind as to only leave space enough for the springs.

I do not herein claim an internal gear-wheel to aid in regulating the relative movement of the feed-screw and feed-cylinder, but intend At this place Within the recesses formed by the inner lIO to make the same the subject of another application, of which this is a division.

I claim- 1. In a hand-drill, a pivot-block provided with an outside spherical bearing adapted to one of its portions extended to carry the housvided with an outsidesphericalbearingadapted to come in contact with and press against the supporting frame-piece, substantially as described.

3. In a hand-drill, a pivot-block provided with a bearing for the feedscrew and having ing furnishing the bearings and covering for the automatic feed devices, substantially as described.

4. In a hand-drill, an automatic feed comprising an outer feed'cylinder, a feed-screw, gear mechanism for giving an unequal number of revolutions to the feed-screw and outer feed-cylinder, and bearings for the feed-screw and gear mechanism, substantially as described. v

5. Ina hand-drill, an automatic feed comprising an outer feed-cylinder, afeedscrew, a double pinion, a pinion on an inner cylinder revolving equally with the outer cylinder and engaging with the double pinion, a pinion rigid with the feed screw, also engaging with the double pinion, and a pivot-piece forming bearings for the feed screw and pinions, whereby an unequal number of revolutions is given to the feed screw and outer fecd-cylin der, substantially as described.

6. In a hand-dri1l, a ratchet clutch-wheel loosely mounted on the feed-screw, and feeding devices convertible from a hand-feed to an automatic' feed, or vice versa, by the longitudinal movement of the ratchet clutch wheel, substantially as described. i

7. In a handdrill, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and a feed-screw, in combination with a pivot-block having an outside spherical bearing, and with devices for operating the feedscrew, substantially as described.

8. In a friction-clutch, a leaf-spring having a single bend of such a slight curvature that it can be straightened without breaking or losing its resiliency,substantially as described.

9. In a hand-drill, a friction-clutch compris` ing a drill-bit carrier,an en circling piece,rollers at opposite sides of the drill-bit carrier, and leaf-springs each having a single bend of such slight curvature that it can be straightened without breaking or losingits resiliency, substantially as described.

10. In a hand-drill, a friction-clutch comprising a drill-bit carrier, an encircling piece provided with seats for leafsprings, two rollers at opposite sides of the drill-bit carrier near said spring-seats, and leaf-springs in said seats, the rollers and springs being against each other, wherebythe springs may be straightened by the pressure of the rollers Without breaking, substantially as described.

Il. A frame for a handdrill, comprising a permanent jaw having inwardly-projecting lugs or studs, and a movable jaw, substantially as described.

l2. In a hand-drill frame, a movable jaw adapted to clamp or bind against the part of the frame on which it slides, and a set-screw in the extended portion of the jaw to aid in such binding or clamping,,substantially as dcscribed. v

ARTHUR L. STANFORD.

Witnesses:

EPHRAIM BANNING, FRANK L. DoUGLAs. 

